THE LOYALISTS AS PIONEERS—THE ORIGINAL SURVEY.
Major Gen. Holland—Surveying on Atlantic Coast—An adherent of the Crown—Removal to Montreal—Death—Major Holland—Information from “Maple Leaves”—Holland Farm—Taché—First Canadian Poem—Head Quarters of Gen. Montgomery—Hospitality—Duke of Kent—Spencer Grange—Holland Tree—Graves—Epitaphs—Surveyor Washington—County Surveyor—Surveyors after the War—First Survey in Upper Canada— Commenced in 1781—The Mode pursued—Information in Crown Lands Department—The Nine Townships upon the St. Lawrence—At the close of the War—Non-Professional Surveyors—Thomas Sherwood—Assisting to Settle—Surveying around the Bay Quinté—Bongard— Deputy-Surveyor Collins—First Survey at Frontenac—Town Reserve— Size of Township—Mistakes—Kotte—Tuffy—Capt. Grass—Capt. Murney— Surveying in Winter—Planting Posts—Result—Litigation—Losing Land—A Newspaper Letter—Magistrates—Landholders—Their Sons’ Lawyers—Alleged Filching—Speculators at Seat of Government—Grave Charges—Width of Lots—Mode of Surveying—Number of Concessions— Cross Roads—Surveyors Orders—Numbering the Lots—Surveying around the Bay—The ten Townships—Their Lands—The Surveying Party—A Singer—Statement of Gourlay 154
The term Concession—First Concession of Land in Canada—The Carignan Regiment—Seigniories—Disproportion of the sexes—Females sent from France—Their appearance—Settling them—Marriage allowance—The last seigniory—New Longeuil—Seigniory at Frontenac—Grants to refugees—Officers and men—Scale of granting— Free of expense—Squatting—Disbanded soldiers—Remote regions—A wise and beneficent policy—Impostors—Very young officers— Wholesale granting of land—Republicans coming over—Covetous— False pretensions—Government had to discriminate—Rules and regulations—Family lands—Bounty—Certificates—Selling claims—Rear concessions—Transfer of location ticket—Land board—Tardiness in obtaining titles to real estate—Transfer by bond—Jobbing—Sir Wm. Pullency—Washington—Giving lands to favorites—Reserves—Evil results—The Family Compact—Extract from Playter—Extract from Lord Durham—From Gourlay—Recompense to Loyalists—Rations—Mode of drawing land—Land agent—Broken front—Traitor Arnold—Tyendinaga 164
Lines—Western Settlement, 1783—Population—Settlement upon St. Lawrence and Bay—Number, 1784—Proclamation to Loyalists—Society disturbed—Two kinds of Loyalists—St. Lawrence and Bay favorable for settlement—Government provisions—State of the Loyalists— Serving out rations—Clothes—Utensils for clearing and fencing— The axe—Furniture—Attacking a last enemy—Tents—Waiting for their lots—“Bees”—Size of dwellings—Mode of building—Exchanging work— Bedsteads—Clearing—Fireing trees—Ignorance of pioneer life— Disposing of the wood—No beast of burden—Logging—Determination— All settlers on a common ground—Additional refugees—Advance— Simcoe’s proclamation, 1792—Conditions of grants—The response— Later settlers—Questionable Loyalists—Yankees longing for Canada—Loyalty in 1812 181