a. _M. f. angustifrons_, _Narrow-fronted Woodpecker_. Similar, but with a _narrow band of white_ across the _forehead_; breast and sides not so thickly streaked. Lower California, never occurring within the borders of the United States.
b. _M. f. bairdi_, _Californian Woodpecker_, _El Carpintero_. Similar to _M. formicivorus_, but the breast black, little streaked with white except along the sides; yellow of throat paler, or replaced by white. Iris white. Larger, 7.5-9.5 inches. Pacific coast, north into Oregon to 44°, east to southern New Mexico and Texas in the south and to the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Mountains in the north, but more abundant, on the western than on the eastern slopes of these mountains.
17. MELANERPES TORQUATUS, _Lewis's Woodpecker_. Upper parts, wings, and tail glossy greenish black; under parts _pinkish red_; chest and _collar round hind neck hoary gray_; crown and sides of head black; forehead, cheeks, and chin crimson. _Sexes alike._ Young with pink replaced by grayish. 10.5-11.5 inches. Pacific coast, east to Black Hills and Rocky Mountains between Arizona and 49th parallel; casual still farther east; migratory in its northern ranges; a silent, heavy flying bird, different in habits and appearance from the other woodpeckers; often seen flycatching.
18. MELANERPES CAROLINUS, _Red-bellied Woodpecker_, _Zebra Bird_. Back and wings black, _barred with white_; under and upper tail coverts, middle and outer tail feathers, white varied with black; head and under parts ashy; _belly tinged with reddish_. [M] with whole top of head and nape bright red; [F] with forehead and nape red, crown gray. 9-10 inches. Eastern and Southern States between the Hudson River and the Rocky Mountains, north to southern New York, Ohio, southern Michigan, etc.; migratory in its northern ranges.
19. MELANERPES AURIFRONS, _Golden-fronted Woodpecker_. Back and wings barred with black and white; rump white; entire under parts brownish white, unspotted (except under tail coverts); primaries unspotted, except at tip; tail black with slightly barred outer feathers; _belly yellowish; forehead and hind neck orange in both sexes_. [M] with _crown red_ set in a larger patch of clear gray; [F] with crown clear gray. 9.5 inches. Central and southern Texas, north to about 33°; breeds wherever found.
