5th. Within a short distance is a very small gate, also built up, which M. de Saulcy was the first to recognize, (in my opinion wrongly,) as the gate of Jehoshaphat of the period of the Crusades.
6th. Passing the south-east corner of the wall, and proceeding westward, we observe a gate with a pointed arch, also walled up.
7th. Continuing in the same direction we find a triple gate, also closed with masonry.
8th. The southern gate, called by the Mohammedans _Bâb-el-Huldah_, Gate of Huldah[30]. This gate, now disused, is under the Mosque _el-Aksa_. Of its ornamentation I shall speak more fully in another place.
9th. Still keeping along the southern wall in a westerly direction we find the small Dung Gate, called by the Arabs _Bâb-el-Mogharibeh_, Gate of the western Africans. It is not kept open throughout the year; but when there is a scarcity of water in the city, it is used by the water-carriers.
10th. Ascending towards Sion, we reach the Sion Gate, _Bâb-Neby-Daûd_, (The Gate of the prophet David,) so called because it leads to the Sepulchre of David, which is at a short distance. Through it too is the way to the Christian and Jewish cemeteries.
11th. Lastly, on the west is the Jaffa Gate[31], or in Arabic, _Bâb-el-Khalíl_, (Gate of Hebron,) because through this gate is the best and shortest road to Hebron.
The appearance of Jerusalem within the walls is sombre and sad, offering no attraction to the eye, and filling the mind with deep melancholy. With the exception of the esplanade of the _Haram-es-Sherîf_, the city presents but a mass of buildings without order or design, very few of which deserve special attention. The cupolas of the Church of the Resurrection, that of the new Jewish Synagogue, and some minarets, are the only edifices which tower above the others, and the forms even of these are not pleasing. The panorama of Jerusalem, as seen from Olivet[32], is striking from the feelings it awakens and the reminiscences it calls up; but it conveys no idea of life. It is in truth the panorama of a Deicide city. The streets and lanes entangled in the labyrinth of houses are irregular, narrow, dirty, and ill-paved; through many of them flow open sewers, receiving the drainage from the houses, and filth of all kinds abounds. There was a period when it was even thought desirable to leave the gates of the city open at night, in order that hyenas and jackals might enter and purify the streets by devouring the carcases of animals that were lying about.