(388) In conducting the manufacture of cotton into yarn, it is desirable to remember that a gradual reduction in its substance is wanted, and all the draughts throughout the whole series should be carefully graded to ensure this. It is extremely undesirable to overstrain the cotton at any point, and this would be the inevitable result, unless the whole of the speeds were designed to give a gradual reduction. This is a factor which it is unwise to neglect, and by a little careful observation, the correct draughts throughout the process can easily be arrived at. It is, however, essential, if it is desired to produce a good yarn, that the mode of obtaining it should be carefully thought out before passing the cotton through the scutchers. Practically, the hank drawing and hank sliver are the same, but the former is obtained from several slivers, so that there is at this stage a considerable reduction. After this point the attenuation should be steadily kept in view, until the completion of spinning. In conclusion, it may again be urged that cleanliness and care in the use of spinning machines will well repay the spinner. It is worth his while to see that the machinery he employs is well made to begin with, and is kept in good order subsequently. By doing so, he will ensure the production of a good yarn, which cannot be spun in profitable quantities, without an undue amount of waste, on machines which are neglected and allowed to fall out of repair.
PRODUCTION OF RING SPINNING FRAMES FROM ACTUAL TESTS. MESSRS. HOWARD AND BULLOUGH’S MACHINES. RABBETH SPINDLES.
+-------+--------+----------+------------+------------+ | | | | | | |Counts |Speed of| Speed of | Diameter | Turns | |of Yarn| Spindle| Front | of Front | per | | to be | per |Roller per| Roller. | inch of | | Spun. | Minute.| Minute. | | Twist. | +-------+--------+----------+------------+------------+ | 10’s | 6,020 | 158 | 1 | 12·12 | | 16’s | 6,800 | 133-1/2 | 1 | 16·21 | | 20’s | 7,300 | 132 | 1 | 17·60 | | 24’s | 7,500 | 130 | 1 | 18·36 | | 28’s | 7,500 | 116-1/2 | 1 | 20·49 | | 30’s | 7,500 | 119 | 1 | 20·00 | | 32’s | 7,500 | 111-1/2 | 1 | 21·41 | | 34’s | 7,500 | 107 | 1 | 22·31 | | 36’s | 7,500 | 101 | 1 | 23·63 | | 38’s | 7,500 | 97 | 1 | 24·50 | | 40’s | 7,500 | 94-1/2 | 1 | 25·25 | +-------+--------+----------+------------+------------+ | | | Number |Production per spindle | |Counts |Diameter| of |per week of 56-1/2 hours.| |of Yarn| of |Traveller.+------------+------------+ | to be | Ring. | U. S. | In Pounds. | In Hanks. | | Spun. | |Standard. | lbs. ozs. | | +-------+--------+----------+------------+------------+ | 10’s | 1-3/4 |7’s or 6’s| 5 4 | 52-1/2 | | 16’s | 1-3/4 |4’s or 3’s| 2 12 | 44 | | 20’s | 1-3/4 |2’s or 1’s| 2 2-1/2 | 43-1/2 | | 24’s | 1-3/4 |1/0 or 2/0| 1 12-1/4 | 42-1/2 | | 28’s | 1-1/2 |2/0 or 3/0| 1 5-3/4 | 38 | | 30’s | 1-1/2 |3/0 or 4/0| 1 4-3/4 | 39 | | 32’s | 1-1/2 |4/0 or 5/0| 1 2-1/2 | 37 | | 34’s | 1-1/2 |5/0 or 6/0| 1 0 | 34-1/2 | | 36’s | 1-1/2 |6/0 or 7/0| 14-1/2 | 33 | | 38’s | 1-1/2 |7/0 or 8/0| 13-1/4 | 31-1/2 | | 40’s | 1-1/2 |8/0 or 9/0| 12 | 30-1/2 | +-------+--------+----------+------------+------------+