_Direction._--North-east from the Pelews.
_Locality._--Between the Pelews and the--
CLUSTER OF YAP. OULUTHY OR EGOY ISLANDS. THE MARIANNES.
_Physical appearance of Natives._--Stature higher than that of the other islanders, tendency to corpulence greater.
_Intermixture._--Considerable, _i.e._ with Polynesians, Philippine islanders, Spaniards.
Rota and Tinian are remarkable for containing the remains of massive stone buildings; the original use of which is wholly unknown to the present natives. The same phenomenon will be repeated in Tonga-tabú and Easter Island.
The Mariannes form the most northern portion of Micronesia. The direction will now be due east from the cluster of Goulou; about mid-way between the Pelews and Yap.
_Extent._--From 140° to 15° E. L. from Paris. Under 5° N. L.
_ Particular islands._--Lamoursek, Satawal, Faroilep (the most northern), Aurupig (the most southern).
_Direction._--From the Lamoursek and Satawal group fifteen degrees westward.
_Particular islands._--Hogoleu, Lougounor, Pounipet, Ualan.
A distinction which will often be applied in Polynesian ethnology may now be made. It is the difference between the geological structure of the different islands. Whether they are what is called _high_ or _low_ is important. In the high islands, where the structure is primitive, metamorphic, or volcanic, the conditions for social development are more favourable than in the low islands, of a coralline structure. In these last the food is less abundant, the sun more scorching, and, generally, the complexion of the inhabitants _darker_.
Again, the inhabitants of the low islands are generally at peace amongst themselves: those of the high islands at war.
In the ethnology of the Paumoto Archipelago, this distinction will be repeated. So it will elsewhere.
_Physical conformation._--Stature, above the average; colour, _chestnut_, lips thick, beard long but thin, hair black, long, thick, slightly curling (_un peu crépu_), sometimes frizzy--Lütke, from Prichard.
_Language._--Allied to, but different from, the Ualan.
_Physical Appearance._--Face broad and flat, nose flat, lips thick, hair crisp. Colour, between chesnut and olive. Height, average.--Lütke from Prichard.
The chief island of the Central Caroline group, or of the Caroline Islands in the more general sense of the term.