Osman Islambayuly Batur (; Kazakh: ; 1899 – April 29, 1951) was a Chinese warlord of Kazakh ethnicity.
Biography
Batur was born in 1899 at Öngdirkara in the Köktogay region of Altay (Koktokay County, Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang, China) as Osman Islamuly. "Batur" is an honorific title that means 'brave'. He was the son of İslâm Bey, a middle-class farmer of the Altay Kazakhs.
Some sources note that Osman Batur was considered a good rider and a master hunter before the age of 10 and learned martial arts from Böke Batur, a Kazakh whose service he entered at 12. However, other works have noted that Osman would have been four years old at the time in question, so these stories may be an attempt to give him a "heroic upbringing".
In 1940, as the Chinese administration increased the pressure, Osman took his gun and went to the mountain alone.
Osman began his struggle against the Chinese and Russians in 1941, aiming to liberate all Altai lands and East Turkestan from the Chinese and Russians. In World War II, with increasing pressure on the Turks in East Turkestan, the reaction movements gained strength and prepared the ground for the rise of Osman Batur.
Osman Batur, who started to clean the Altays from the Chinese, reached his goal in 1943. In a ceremony held in Bulgun on July 22, 1943, the inn [clarification needed] of Osman Batur Altay Kazakhs was declared. By 1945, the Turks had taken control except for a few cities in East Turkestan. When the situation became intolerable and dangerous for the Chinese, their armies conducted harsh and intense regional operations. Although Osman Batur, who was removed from Targabatay and Altays, had started the fight with thirty thousand people, by 1950, this number was approximately four thousand. There was also a struggle between Alibek Hakim and his comrades.
In Xinjiang, he led the Kazakh people to fight against PRC. He was captured in Hami (Eastern Xinjiang), circulated, and executed in Urumqi on April 29, 1951, and his hands and feet were cut off. His children were captured, tortured, and killed by the Chinese, and his wife lost her mind and drowned herself. After his death, many of his followers fled over the Himalayas. Afterwards, they were airlifted to Turkey and resettled there..
Conflict at Baitag Bogd
The East Turkestan Republic was not united. There was a split in the government, and two groups fought. The leaders of individual districts and units showed separatism, notably one of the most striking "field commanders" of Ospan-Batyr (Osman-Batyr) of Islam. In the 1930s, he was a little-known gang leader. In 1940, Ospan became one of the leaders of the Kazakh uprising in the Altai district against Governor General Sheng Shitsai. The rebellion was caused by the decision of the authorities to transfer the pastures and watering places to the settled peasants – Dungans and Chinese. In 1943, Altai Kazakhs rebelled again due to the decision of the authorities to relocate them to the south of Xinjiang and place Chinese refugees in their nomadic lands. After Ospan met with Choibalsan, leader of the Mongolian People's Republic, weapons rebels supplied the MPR. In the spring of 1944, Osman Batyr was forced to retreat to Mongolia.
Moreover, his unit's departure was covered by the air forces of the MPR and the USSR. In the fall of 1945, the Osman-Batyr detachment liberated the Altai District from the Kuomintang. After that, Ospan-Batyr was appointed by the government of the WTR Governor of the Altai District.
Disputes immediately began between him and the WTR government. The Altai governor refused to comply with the instructions of the republic's leadership, and his troops did not obey the army's command. In particular, when the WTR army suspended military operations against the Kuomintang troops (the WTR leadership accepted the proposal to start negotiations to create a single coalition government in Xinjiang), the Ospan-Batyr detachments not only failed to comply with this instruction but, on the contrary, intensified their activities. At the same time, his gangs were smashed and plundered by the Kuomintang units and wagons and the villages controlled by the VTR. It was not for nothing that Stalin called the Ospan-Batyr "a social bandit."