[571] L. H. Marcy and F. S. Boyd, "One Big Union Wins," _International Socialist Review_, vol. xii, p. 624, Apr., 1912.
[574] Mary E. Marcy, "The Battle for Bread at Lawrence," _International Socialist Review_, vol. xii, p. 538, March, 1912.
[575] _On the Firing Line_, p. 20. This is a pamphlet containing extracts from the report of the General Executive Board to the Seventh Convention. The report is published in full in _The Industrial Worker_ (Oct. 24, 1912).
[579] McPherson, _op. cit._, pp. 9-10. For a different view _see_ W. E. Weyl, "The Strikers at Lawrence," _Outlook_, Feb. 10, 1912, p. 311. Weyl thinks that "the workers' real attitude is that of the ordinary trade-unionist."
[580] "Lawrence as it really is--not as syndicalists, anarchists, socialists, suffragists, pseudo-philanthropists, and muck-raking yellow journalists have painted it." _Congressional Record_, vol. xlviii, no. 82, 62nd Congress, 2nd Session, March 18, 1912, p. 3544.
[581] R. F. Hoxie, "The Truth About the I. W. W.," _Journal of Political Economy_, vol. xxi, p. 786 (Nov., 1913).
[582] Selig Perlman, "The Relations between Capital and Labor in the Textile Industry in New England." Report to the Commission, typewritten MS., p. 12.
[583] _Industrial Worker_, July 4, 1912, p. 1, col. 4.
[587] Editorial, "After the Battle," _Survey_, vol. xxviii, no. 1, April 6, 1912, pp. 1-2.
[588] _Report of the Seventh Convention_, pp. 2-3. Wm. E. Trautmann, who had gone over to the Socialist Labor party faction, charged that "two-thirds of the voting power of the whole convention" was lodged in the hands of two delegates, one of whom was a paid officer. ("Open letter to Wm. D. Haywood," _Weekly People_, May 31, 1913. p. 2.)
[589] Letter dated September 14, 1912, _Report of the Seventh Convention_, pp. 26-27.
[590] _Industrial Worker_, Oct. 24, 1912, p. 4, col. 3.
[591] _Report of the Seventh Annual Convention_, pp. 9, 24.
[593] "The I. W. W. Convention," _The Agitator_, Oct. 15, 1912.
[594] Arthur Zavels, "The Bummery 'Congress'", _Weekly People_, Oct. 12, 1912, p. 1.
[595] J. P. Cannon, "Seventh I. W. W. Convention," _International Socialist Review_, vol. xiii, p. 424, col. 2 (Nov., 1912).
In 1913 the visit of Tom Mann, the well-known English labor leader and advocate of revolutionary unionism, revived the discussion of "dual unionism" and the respective merits of what the French Syndicalists called _la pénétration_ and _la pression extérieure_,[596] or what the American "Wobbly" calls "boring from within" and "hammering from without," respectively. Even before his visit a growing minority had been feebly protesting against the accepted I. W. W. policy of creating a new organization without regard to existing labor (or craft) unions in the locality instead of allowing the unorganized--and especially the radicals--to enter the old unions (of the A. F. of L.) and "bore from within" their conservative shells to let in the light of revolutionary industrial unionism. This renewed interest was largely due to the exchange of ideas with European radicals at international congresses. The policy in Europe and in England has been precisely "the boring from within" policy, and European unions--especially the _Confédération Générale du Travail_ of France--has prospered by it both in numbers and influence. In 1911, William Z. Foster, a member of the I. W. W., visited Europe and made a careful examination of the labor organizations there. He returned fully convinced that the I. W. W. should change its policy on "dual unionism" and begin to "bore from within" the American Federation of Labor.