[Footnote 3: “The Art of Pen and Ink Drawing, commonly called Etching.” By H. R. Robertson, Fellow of the Society of Painter-Etchers, Author of “The Art of Etching,” etc. Winsor & Newton, Limited, London.]
[Illustration: CLUB DEVICE AND EX LIBRIS.
Pen and Ink Drawing, reproduced by process block.]
[Illustration: Reproduced by half-tone process block, from an Aqua-Tint engraving, same size.]
For HALF-TONE SHADED BLOCKS the design may be executed in washes as a china ink drawing, or in any other way. The illustrations are reproductions from various kinds of originals, as explained under each example.
Messrs. Carl Hentschel & Co., 182-3 Fleet Street, have been good enough to prepare several examples to illustrate the half-tone process; each block having been made from an original executed in a different way, as indicated by the explanatory title; and may be considered rather severe tests of what the process is capable. For these favours we are much obliged; we tender also our thanks for their kindness and courtesy in supplying much of the foregoing information.
[Illustration: Pen and Ink Drawing, reproduced by process block.]
_To distinguish how a book-plate may have been produced._
A lithograph or a photo-lithograph may be distinguished from a woodcut, or from a copper engraving, by the following: By the quality of the lines, whether _cut_ with the graver or _etched_ upon copper; _drawn with the pen_ or with _the fine sable pencil_. Each has a character of handling and manner of its own by which it may be recognised. A little observation of admitted examples with the aid of a strong magnifying glass will generally resolve this.
Reproduced by half-tone process block, from Coloured Design for Stained Glass Window.]
THE DIFFERENCE IN ENGRAVED OR CUT LINES, AND ETCHED LINES.
Lines cut with the graver are invariably smooth and even, and have a clear silvery appearance; in isolated lines or cuts it will be observed that the beginning of the lines are finer where the graver has entered than where it stops. Etched lines, on the contrary, do not possess the same smooth-edged rigid character as those cut with the graver; and where greater strength of line is obtained it is by deeper etching with the acid bath, and in this the difference in the quality of line is more perceptible.