[1] Lofthouse, _Ethics of the Family_, p. 77.
[3] The literature on this subject is enormous. See specially works of Westermarck, M'Lennan, Frazer, Hobhouse, Andrew Lang, and Ihering.
[4] See chap. vii. in Garvie's _Studies in Inner Life of Jesus_.
[9] Matt. v. 32, xix. 3-10; Mark x. 11, 12.
[10] See Forsyth, _Marriage: its Ethics and Religion_.
[13] Though Nietzsche does not use the word he may be regarded as the father of modern eugenics.
[16] Cf. King, _The Moral and Religious Challenge of our Times_, pp. 42 f.
[17] Cf. W. Wallace, _Lects. and Addresses_, p. 114.
[19] Matt. xii. 18-22; John xviii. 23, xix. 10 f.
[21] Sir H. Jones, _Idealism as a Practical Creed_, p. 123.
[22] Some sentences are here borrowed from author's _Ethics of St. Paul_.
[23] _E.g._ Eucken, Kindermann, Mallock, and earlier H. Spencer.
[28] _Die Soziallehren der Christlichen Kirchen und Gruppen_, a recent work on social ethics of great erudition and importance.
[30] King, _The Moral and Religious Challenge of our Times_, pp. 44 and 346.
[31] Marshall, _Principles of Economics_.
CONCLUSION--THE PERMANENCE OF CHRISTIAN ETHICS
In bringing to a close our study of Christian Ethics, we repeat that the three dominant notes of the Christian Ideal are--Absoluteness, Inwardness, and Universality. The Gospel claims to be supreme in life and morals. The uniqueness and originality of the Ethics of Christianity are to be sought, however, not so much in the range of its practical application as in the unfolding of an ideal which is at once the power and pattern of the new life. That ideal is Christ in whom the perfect life is disclosed, and through whom the power for its realisation is communicated. Life is a force, and character a growth arising in and expanding from a hidden seed. Hence in Christian Ethics apathy and passivity, and even asceticism and quietism, which occupy an important place in the moral systems of Buddha and Neo-Platonism, in mediaeval Catholicism and the teaching of Tolstoy, play only a subsidiary part, and are but preparatory stages towards the realisation of a fuller life. On the contrary all is life, energy, and unceasing endeavour. 'I am come that ye may have life, and that ye may have it more abundantly.'