84. Q. What are five of the names given to leaves according to their shapes? A. Lanceolate, or narrow and tapering; oblong, or narrow and not tapering; cordate, or heart-shaped; sagittate, or arrow-shaped; and ovate, or egg-shaped.
85. Q. What is the function or use of leaves? A. To expose the juices of the plant to light and air, and thus aid in forming the woody matter of the stem and the various secretions.
86. Q. What constitute a plant’s organs of nutrition? A. The root, stem and leaves.
87. Q. What is the flower of a plant? A. It is the organ, or assemblage of organs, for the production of the seed.
88. Q. What are the four whorls in which the parts of a flower are usually arranged called? A. The outer whorl is the calyx, the next the corolla, the third the stamens, and the innermost the pistil.
89. Q. To what is the term fruit applied in botanical language? A. To the mature, perfect pistil, whether dry or succulent.
90. Q. What nutritious grains are classed among the family of Endogens called grasses? A. Wheat, barley, oats, rice and Indian corn.
91. Q. What other families are noted members of the type of Endogens? A. Palms and bananas.
92. Q. What are some of the other families of the type of Endogens? A. The orchid, the lily and the bulrushes.
93. Q. What are Exogens? A. Plants whose woody fibres grow in outer layers. The seed has two lobes, or cotyledons.
94. Q. How many different species are included in this type? A. About seventy thousand.
95. Q. What are Incomplete Exogens? A. Those whose flowers have no corolla. They are of two kinds.
96. Q. What are the first kind? A. Those whose seeds are naked, as in the cone-bearing family, consisting of the fir and spruce tribe, the cypress tribe, and similar plants.
97. Q. What are the second kind? A. Those whose seeds are contained in the ovary, as the amaranth, buckwheat, laurel, nettle, fig, and the catkin-bearing family.
98. Q. What are some of the plants in the next sub-division of the type of Endogens, those whose flowers have both calyx and corolla? A. The honeysuckle, teasel, lobelia, convolvulus, primrose, and labiate and composite families.
99. Q. What are some of the families of plants found in another class of Exogens that also have calyx and corolla, but the corolla has distinct petals, and the stamens are attached to the calyx? A. The umbelliferous, the leguminous, and the cactus families.