Walter Max Guido Jockisch (20 February 1907 – 22 March 1970) was a German pedagogue, dramaturge, librettist, and opera director.
Family
Born in Bad Arolsen, Free State of Waldeck-Pyrmont, Jockisch was the only child of the Oberregierungs-Medizinalrat and Kingdom of Prussia Stabsarzt Franz 'Max' Louis Paul Jockisch (1865–1947) and his first wife Harriet Edeline Eugenie 'Melanie' née von Schlicht (1878–1929). Both parents were .
On 16 August 1933, Jockisch married the writer Gisela Günther née Schoenfeld (1905–1985) in Berlin-Wilmersdorf. The witnesses to the marriage were the writer Paula Ludwig from Ehrwald in Tyrol, whose son had been a pupil of Jockisch on the North Sea island of Juist, and Gretha Schaettler from Berlin. This marriage nominally produced a daughter, Michaela 'Michele' (born 10 November 1933 in Ehrwald, Tyrol; married to Richard Schenkirz from 1957).
His wife had been married before, then an actress, in 1924 to the merchant Heinrich Max Franz Westphal (born 1900) from Słupsk in Pommerania, who lived in Charlottenburg's Schlüterstraße 12. Their marriage was a marriage of convenience, because she was about to give birth to an illegitimate child whose father was a foreigner. Under the Nazi regime, Jockisch wanted to give the child an Aryan qualification. He had met his wife at the Schule am Meer, where she was later involved with the choir and orchestra director Eduard Zuckmayer, the elder brother of the writer Carl Zuckmayer, who worked there. After their divorce in 1934, Gisela and her daughter Michaela followed Zuckmayer into exile in Ankara, where he – through Paul Hindemith and at the invitation of President Kemal Atatürk – was to shape the entire Turkish music teacher training in the spirit of the German . Zuckmayer was not able to marry her until 1947 because the Nazi authorities denied expatriate emigrants a Ehefähigkeitsbescheinigung. After their marriage, he adopted Michaela.
In 1946, Jockisch's childhood friend Grete Weil, née Dispeker, who had been married to his friend Edgar Weil who was murdered in the Mauthausen concentration camp in 1941, visited from their Dutch exile. As both had agreed after Weil's death, Grete Weil first lived with Jockisch in Darmstadt from 1947 onwards; they did not marry until 13 February 1961 in Frankfurt.
School
Jockisch grew up for about thirteen years initially at Heiligenbrunner Weg 6 in Gdansk-Langfuhr, where he attended school until his family moved to Frankfurt in about 1920 to Holbeinstraße 19 in the Sachsenhausen district. He subsequently attended the Musterschule and became close friends with the brothers Edgar (1908–1941) and Hans Joseph Weil (1906–1969), the sons of Richard Weil, a chemical-pharmaceutical manufacturer with a doctorate, who lived at Friedberger Anlage 9, near their father's company headquarters at Grüne Straße 11–13. Through her he met her grandcousin Grete Dispeker and her friend Doris von Schönthan around 1923/24. He thus belonged to the extended circle of friends of two of Thomas Mann's children, the closely related siblings Erika and Klaus Mann. At Easter 1925 he passed his Reifeprüfung for Musterschule.
Studies
He then studied Germanistics, history and English, at the Goethe University Frankfurt and at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin. and completed his studies in 1929 in Berlin with an inaugural dissertation on Andreas Gryphius und das literarische Barock and his doctorate to Doctor philosophiae (Dr. phil.).
Professional development
Educator
Jockisch was first employed from 19 April 1930 to 18 March 1932 as a teacher of German, history, English and Latin at the progressive education run by Martin Luserke Schule am Meer on the East Frisia island Juist, where he became involved in the run by Luserke. Jockisch was influenced by the free-standing , which was unique, inspiring amateur drama, the German Youth Movement, the Youth Music Movement and professional theatre. Luserke and Carl Zuckmayer wrote texts for Eduard Zuckmayer's compositions at the Schule am Meer. Jockisch's colleagues also included among others , Fritz Hafner, , Heinrich Karl Ernst Martin Meyer, Anni and , as well as . He became close friends with the student Heinz-Günther Knolle (1912–1999), who was also friend with Grete Dispeker from September 1929. From 1932, Jockisch and Knolle lived in a shared apartment on the Weinmeisterhöhe in , Knolle studied at the Humboldt University of Berlin. Jockisch, who after 1933 did not intend to submit to the Nazi dictates, consequently reoriented himself professionally and found a politically largely neutral field of activity.