The first five books of the Old Testament written by Moses bear the collective title of the =Pentateuch= on account of the two Greek words _penta_, five, and _teuchos_, an implement, a tool, alluding to the Books being the direct instrument of communication between God and His people. The titles of these five Books themselves are as follows:--=Genesis=, which expresses the Greek for origin or production, describes the history of the world from its beginning; =Exodus=, derived from _ex_, out, and _odus_, a way, narrates the departure of the Israelites out of Egypt; =Leviticus= sets forth the regulations affecting the priests and Levites; =Numbers= contains the census of the Israelites; and =Deuteronomy=, from the Greek _deuteros_, second, and _nomos_, law, comprises the second giving of the Law by Moses.
The designation =Apocrypha=, signifying hidden or spurious, is applied to those Books whose authenticity as Inspired Writings is not admitted; in other words, to those portions of the Scriptures which, inasmuch as they do not establish any doctrine, are not held to be canonical, yet are such as, in the words of the Prayer Book, “the Church doth read for example of life and instruction of manners.” On the other hand, the =Apocalypse=, signifying disclosure, is synonymous with the “Book of Revelation,” and specifically applies to the concluding Book of the Bible.
With one or two exceptions only, the different kinds of wines owe their names to the places where they are produced. Thus, =Burgundy= and =Champagne= respectively come from the French provinces, =Pontac= from the town, and =Moselle= from the vineyards extensively cultivated on the banks of the river, so designated. Rhenish wines are popular all over Europe; yet none are probably more celebrated than the =Johannisberg=, produced at the Castle of Johannisberg (literally, John’s Rock), near Wiesbaden, and =Hock=, produced at Hockheim. Among Italian wines, =Florence= comes from the historic “City of Flowers,” whereas =Falernian=, celebrated by Martial, Horace, and other Latin authors, was made from grapes grown in the district around the ancient city of Falernum. A justly celebrated Tuscan wine is the =Montepulciano=, produced at the old city so denominated. As its name implies, =Malaga= is imported from Malaga, in Spain; =Sherry= is our English rendering of the place-name Xeres, near Cadiz; while =Port= constitutes the native wine of Oporto, the capital of Portugal. Of Mediterranean wines, =Cyprus=, brought from the now British island of that name, and =Malmsey=, an English corruption of =Malvasia=, so termed after the district in the island of Candia, where it is produced, are the chief. =Madeira= and =Canary= are imported from the islands so called, situated on the great ocean highway to the Cape of Good Hope. An excellent wine greatly sought after on the Continent, though somewhat unknown in this country, is =Tokay=, produced from white grapes cultivated in the district of Tokay, Upper Hungary. =Claret= owes its designation to the French _clair_, clear, because it is a clarified wine; whereas =Tent Wine= is a mere corruption of the Spanish _vino tinto_, signifying a white wine coloured. The sparkling champagne known as =Sillery= popularizes the name of the Marquis de Sillery, the proprietor of the vineyards where this particular species is produced; just as =Pommery= is destined to perpetuate the memory of Madame Pommery, mother to the Duchess de Polignac, and sole proprietress of the vineyards and subterranean Pommery vaults near Rheims. =Moet and Chandon= similarly denotes the champagne brewed by the well-known French firm trading under the style of “Moet et Chandon.”