(e) _Biographical._--C. von Wurzbach, _Biographisches Lexikon des Kaisertums Österreich_ (60 vols., Vienna, 1856-1891); also the _Allgemeine deutsche Biographie_.
Many further authorities, whether works, memoirs or collections of documents, are referred to in the lists appended to the articles in this book on the various Austrian sovereigns and statesmen. For full bibliography see Dahlmann-Waitz, _Quellenkunde_ (ed. 1906, and subsequent supplements); many works, covering particular periods, are also enumerated in the bibliographies in the several volumes of the _Cambridge Modern History_.
[1] Rudolph V. as archduke of Austria, II. as emperor.
[2] Thus, while the number of recruits, though varying from year to year, could be settled by the war department, the question of the claim of a single conscript for exemption, on grounds not recognized by precedent, could only be settled by imperial decree.
[3] Forbidden books were the only ones read, and forbidden newspapers the only ones believed.
[4] In Hungary the diet was not summoned at all between 1811 and 1825, nor in Transylvania between 1811 and 1834.
[5] For the separate political histories of Austria and Hungary see the section on II. _Austria Proper_, below, and HUNGARY; the present section deals with the history of the whole monarchy as such.
[6] Baron H. de Worms, _The Austro-Hungarian Empire_ (London, 1876), and Beust's _Memoirs_.
[7] See General Le Brun, _Souvenirs militaires_ (1866-1870, Paris, 1895); also, Baron de Worms, _op. cit_., and the article on BEUST.
[8] Josef, Freiherr Philippovi['c] von Philippsberg (1818-1889), belonged to an old Christian noble family of Bosnia.
[9] Sir Charles Dilke, _The Present Position of European Politics_ (London, 1887).
[10] Matlekovits, _Die Zollpolitik der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie_ (Leipzig, 1891), gives the Hungarian point of view; Bazant, _Die Handelspolitik Österreich-Ungarns_ (1875-1892, Leipzig, 1894).
[11] The only change was that as the military frontier had been given over to Hungary, Hungary in consequence of this addition of territory had to pay 2%, the remaining 98% being divided as before, so that the real proportion was 31.4 and 68.6.
[12] Alois, Count Lexa von Aerenthal, was born on the 27th of September 1854 at Gross-Skal in Bohemia, studied at Bonn and Prague, was attaché at Paris (1877) and afterwards at St Petersburg, envoy extraordinary at Bucharest (1895) and ambassador at St Petersburg (1896). He was created a count on the emperor's 79th birthday in 1909.