CHAPTER VI. THE GENERAL ASPECT OF THE LUNAR SURFACE. 51 Pre-Telescopic Ideas—Human Countenance—Other supposed Resemblances—Portrait of Full Moon—Permanence of Features—Rotation of Moon—Solar Period and Solar Day on Moon—Libration—Diurnal—In Latitude—In Longitude—Visible and Invisible Hemispheres—Telescopic Scrutiny—Galileo’s Views—Features Visible with Low Power—Low Powers on small and large Telescopes—Salient Features—Craters—Plains—Bright Streaks—Mountains—Higher Telescopic Powers—Detail Scrutiny of Features therewith—Discussion of High Powers—Education of Eye—Highest practicable Power—Size of smallest Visible Objects
CHAPTER VII. TOPOGRAPHY OF THE MOON. 65 Reasons for Mapping the Moon—Early Maps—Labours of Langreen—Hevelius—Riccioli—Cassini—Schroeter—Modern Maps—Lohrman’s—Beer and Maedler’s—Excellence of the last—Measurement of Mountain Heights—Need of a Picture Map—Formation of our own—Skeleton Map—Table of conspicuous Objects—Descriptions of special Objects—Copernicus—Gassendi—Eudoxus and Aristotle—Triesnecker—Theophilus, Cyrillus, and Catharina—Thebit—Plato—Valley of the Alps—Pico—Tycho—Wargentin—Aristarchus and Herodotus—Walter—Archimedes and the Apennines
CHAPTER VIII. ON LUNAR CRATERS. 89 Use of term Crater for Terrestrial and Lunar Formations—Truly Volcanic Nature of Lunar Craters—Terrestrial and Lunar Volcanic Areas compared—Similarity—Difference only in Magnitude—Central Cone—Found in great and small Lunar Craters—Formative Process of Terrestrial Volcanoes—Example from Vesuvius—Vast Size of Lunar Craters—Reasons assigned—Origin of Moon’s Volcanic Force—Aqueous Vapour Theory untenable—Expansion upon Solidification Theory—Formative Process of a Lunar Crater—Volcanic Vent—Commencement of Eruption—Erection of Rampart—Hollowing of Crater—Formation of Central Cone—Of Plateau—Various Heights of Plateaux—Coneless Craters—Filled-up Craters—Multiple Cones—Craters on Plateau—Double Ramparts—Landslip Terraces—Rutted Ramparts—Overlapping and Superposition of Craters—Source-Connection of such—Froth-like Aggregations of Craters—Majestic Dimensions of Larger Craters
CHAPTER IX. ON THE GREAT RING-FORMATIONS NOT MANIFESTLY VOLCANIC. 117 Absence of Central Cones—Vast Diameters—Difficult of Explanation—Hooke’s Idea—Suggested Cause of True Circularity—Scrope’s Hypothesis of Terrestrial Tumescences—Rozet’s Tourbillonic Theory—Dana’s Ebullition Theory