St Peter and St Paul Church is a Roman Catholic Parish church in Wolverhampton, West Midlands, England. It was built from 1826 to 1828, with extensions being built in 1901 and 1928. It was designed by Joseph Ireland and the architect for the extension in 1901 was Edward Goldie. It is built as part of Giffard House, which is now a presbytery for the church. It is situated on Paternoster Row, between Wolverhampton City Council and the Ring Road St Peters. Both the church and Giffard House are a Grade II* listed building.
History of the building
Giffard House and Catholic Wolverhampton
The Giffard family, who were a Catholic Recusant family, used their house as a home for spinsters or widowed sisters and daughters, who cared for priests and monks and travelling Catholics. During the aftermath of the Gunpowder Plot two Catholics were executed in High Green, Wolverhampton (now known as Queen Square). The church does have a Recusant Chalice from the English Civil War which is still used at Mass.
In 1678, during the reign of Charles II, there was the Titus Oates persecution and two Jesuit Priests were arrested in Wolverhampton, Father Gavin was executed in London and Father Atkins died in Stafford Prison. Peter Giffard was also arrested but survived and a local priest, William Ironmonger was also executed. There were more riots when the last Catholic King James II fled the country in 1688 and William of Orange and his wife Mary became the rulers. The Chapel in Giffard House was attacked and the priest's vestments burnt.
In the 17th century, there were a number of Roman Catholics in Wolverhampton. The town was known as "Little Rome", which was meant as an insult. Local gentry who remained Catholic were, the Giffards, the Levesons (pronounced "Looson") and the Whitgreaves. Bishop Bonaventure Giffard, the Vicar Apostolic of the London District, was the son of Andrew Giffard and Catherine Leveson. The Giffards of Chillington Hall were involved with St Peter and St Paul's Church. The Giffards owned two town houses in Wolverhampton, one was in Cock Street (now called Victoria Street) and one in Tup Street (sometimes Goat Street) and now North Street, and this is now the Presbytery to the attached church.
In the early 18th century, a new house was built on the site of the old one in North Street. The current house was built from 1727 to 1729 and it was designed by Francis Smith of Warwick. From 1804 to 1826, it was the home of the Vicar Apostolic of the Midland District, Bishop John Milner. The house became his place of burial and he bequeathed money for the building of the church.
Church building
St Peter's and St Paul's Church is the oldest Roman Catholic church building in England, that is, it was created during, and just after the English Reformation. The chapel of the Giffard town house, which was originally just for the Giffard family and their servants, opened to other Catholic worshippers.
The church of St Peter and St Paul as it is now on its current site was built in many stages.
Giffard House chapel extension (1743–1765) There was first the chapel, built as a room in the rear of the house. This chapel was then extended in 1743 and decorated in 1765. Bishop Milner lived in Giffard House from 1804 to his death in 1826. His brass memorial designed by Pugin is in the Nave and the Bishop's grave is currently in the crypt, he was originally buried in the orchard where the Ring Road now lies.
Joseph Ireland's extension (1826–1828) In 1826 the Chapel was again extended to the design of Joseph Ireland in the Greek Revival style. In 1828, the nave of St Peter and Paul's was completed and the church was opened. The inauguration Mass was attended by approximately 60 priests.. The side Chapels dedicated to Our Lady and the Sacred Heart were not yet built and as it was hidden by the surrounding buildings and only approached by an archway from the road outside. It was reasonably impregnable as far as burglars were concerned, because in James Quirke's M.A. Thesis, he quotes a letter written in defence of one Ann Williams in 1831 at the London Criminal Court. She was facing charges of attempted robbery at the church. James Peck wrote the following letter in her defence: "As for Ennybody thinking to crack into that place, the might as well think of cracking into Newgate as there is no windows hall around this chapel. It consists of skuy lites and there is but one door, they have got to pass through two more doors which is very strong bard on the inside. It is a thing impossable to think about getting into that place without being found out". The outcome of the trial is currently unknown.