Francis I., king of France, iii. 232; campaign in Italy, 233; treaties with Maximilian and Charles, 234; with Henry VIII., 235; meeting with Henry, 241; struggle with Henry and Charles, 247; defeats in Italy, 248, 250; prisoner, 250; treaties with Henry, 266, 270; released, 267; intrigues with Lutherans and Papacy, iv. 22; attacks Charles, 24; negotiations with Scotland, _ib._; treaty with Charles, 32; with Henry, 33; sends explorers to America, 330
Francis (II.), of France, marries Mary Stuart, iv. 53, 169; king, 174; treaties with Elizabeth and the Scots, 176; death, 188
Franciscans (Grey Friars) in England, ii. 11
Frankfort, English Protestants at, iv. 118, 119; their "troubles," 127, 128
Franklin, Benjamin, his plan for the defence of the American colonies, vii. 243; sent as their agent to England, 326; counsels submission to the Stamp Acts, 330; relations with Chatham, viii. 20; mission to France, 28
Frederick II., Emperor, i. 293; ii. 7, 27
Frederick, Elector Palatine, marries Elizabeth of England, v. 210; king of Bohemia, 217; driven out, 220, 226
Frederick II., king of Prussia, vii. 220; alliance with France, 221; victory at Chotusitz, 223; Silesia ceded to, _ib._; seizes Prague, 225; driven from Bohemia, _ib._; victory at Hohenfriedburg, 227; treaty with England, 247, 248; seizes Dresden, 248; victory at Prague, _ib._; defeated at Kolin, _ib._; victories at Rossbach, Leuthen and Zorndorf, 263; defeated at Hochkirch and Kunersdorf, _ib._; at Plauen, 264; campaign of 1760, 302; share in partition of Poland, viii. 85; death, _ib._
Freeholders succeed the villeins, ii. 333
Freeman, the English, i. 11, 12; sinks into the villein, 133, 321
Fréteval, Henry II. and Thomas reconciled at, i. 240; Richard I. surprises Philip's treasure at, 263
Friars, the, ii. 10-14; Lord Bacon's comment on, 21; their political influence, 22, 23; character and effect of their preaching, 24; attempt conversion of Jews, 127; oppose Wyclif, 335
Fyrd, the, i. 116, 161, 257; ii. 103, 122, 240
Gardiner, Stephen, iii. 272, 279; Bishop of Winchester, 298; expelled from the Council, 348; supersedes Norfolk in the king's counsels, iv. 24; excluded from the regency, 46; imprisoned, 54; Chancellor, 74; proposes Mary's marriage with Courtenay, 78; his aversion to the Spanish match, 80; attitude towards Rome, 87; tract _On True Obedience_, _ib._; change in his attitude, 88; threat to the Protestant refugees, 119; desires "to go roundly to work" with Elizabeth, 137; death, 98