Uspensky (), or Uspenskaya (feminine; Успе́нская, Uśpieńska) is an east European surname. Notable people with the surname include:
People
Aleksandr Uspensky (1902–1940), Soviet NKVD officer
Andrej Uspenski, Russian photographer
Boris Uspensky (born 1937), Russian philologist and historian
Eduard Uspensky (1937–2018), Russian writer
Fyodor Uspensky (1845–1928), Russian Byzantinist
Gleb Uspensky (1843–1902), Russian writer
J. V. Uspensky (1883–1947), Stanford University mathematician
Lev Uspensky (1900–1978), Soviet writer
Lyubov Uspenskaya (born 1954), popular Ukrainian/Russian chanson singer
Maria Ouspenskaya (1876–1949), Russian actress and acting teacher
Marina Uspenskaya (1925–2007), Russian book designer and graphics painter
Nikolai Uspensky (1837–1889), Russian writer
Nikolay Nikolayevich Uspensky, Russian diplomat, former ambassador to Estonia
Peter Uspensky (1878–1947), Russian esotericist and philosopher, known as P. D. Ouspensky Porphyrius Uspensky (1804–1885), Russian traveller and theologian Vladimir Andreyevich Uspensky (born 1930), Soviet/Russian mathematician