----, mercantile marine in time of James I., 107
----, ----, ----, in first half of the nineteenth century, 142
----, second-rate, end of the seventeenth century, 121
----, shipbuilding, excellence of, in time of Charles I., 111
----, ships, Sir Walter Raleigh's criticisms on, 107
----, warships in the reign of Henry VII., 92
----, ----, ----, of James I., 104 _et seq._
----, ----, in the reign of Charles II., 114, 117
----, ----, ----, of George III., 129 _et seq._
----, ----, increase of size of various rates in 1788..129
----, ----, of the middle of the eighteenth century, defects of, 123
_Falmouth_, East Indiaman of 1752, 124, 125
Fleet of Richard Coeur de Lion for invasion of Palestine, 67
Fleet of Edward III. for invasion of France in 1347, 76
----, of Henry V. for invasion of France, 82
----, of Queen Elizabeth to oppose Armada, 98, 102
Forecastles, developments of, 72, 73, 75, 80, 83, 85, 89, 95, 102
Frigate, French, of 1780, 129, 131, 134, 135
Frigates, _Brilliant_ and _Aurore_, of 1757, dimensions of, 128
----, of thirty-eight guns, introduced 1780, 129
----, of forty guns, introduced 1792, 131
----, superiority of American in 1812, 133
French first-rate of 1792, particulars of, 131
----, frigates of 1780, 129, 131, 134, 135
----, naval architects, influence of, 118, 120
Galleasses, Spanish, 1588, 97 ----, Venetian, end of the sixteenth century, 103
Galleon, Venetian, of the sixteenth century, 78
Galley, Archaic Greek, about 800 B.C., 157
----, of eleven banks, alleged to have been built in Cyprus, 35
----, of sixteen banks, brought to Rome by Æmilius Paulus, 36
----, Phoenician, of the seventh century, 27
----, Ptolemy Philopater's, criticism of account of, 45
----, Venetian, of the fourteenth century, 77
----, ----, structural arrangements of, 51 _et seq._
----, ----, timber used in construction of, 50
----, Greek and Roman, details of construction of, 40 _et seq._
----, many-banked, arrangement of oars in, 47
----, reasons for arrangement of oars in banks, 42
----, Roman, use of lead sheathing in, 53
----, ----, used against Carthaginians, 36
----, use of decks in, 28, 34, 36, 43, 44, 157, 160
----, Venetian, number of rowers to oars of, 47
----, with four banks of oars, use of, by Athenians, 35