[Footnote 57: Thus W. S. Monroe ('Mental Elements of Dreams,' _Journal of Philosophy_, 23rd November 1905) found that in nearly three hundred dreams of fifty-five women students of the Westfield Normal College (Massachusetts), visual imagery appeared in sixty-seven per cent. dreams, auditory in twenty-six per cent., tactile in eight per cent., motor in five per cent., olfactory in a little over one per cent., and gustatory in rather under one per cent. In the results of observation recorded by Sarah Weed and Florence Hallam (_American Journal of Psychology_, April 1896) the sensory imagery appears in the same order of frequency and approximately in the same proportions.]
[Footnote 58: In another case, a sensation of irritation in the palm led to a dream of being scratched by a cat. Guthrie mentions (_Clinical Journal_, 7th June 1899) that as a child he used to dream of being tortured by savages by being slowly tickled under the arms when unable to move; he sweated much at night, and considers that the tickling thus caused was the source of the dreams.]
[Footnote 59: The corresponding sensation of heat can also, of course, be experienced in sleep, alike whether the stimulus comes from the brain or the skin. Thus I dreamed that, not knowing whether some water was hot or cold, I put my finger into it and felt it to be distinctly hot.]
[Footnote 60: The ease with which musical sounds can be applied during sleep and the beneficial results on emotional tone have suggested their therapeutic use. Leonard Corning ('The Use of Musical Vibrations before and during Sleep,' _Medical Record_, 21st January 1899) is regarded as the pioneer in this field.]
[Footnote 61: Ch. Ruths, _Experimental-Untersuchungen über Musikphantome_, 1898.]
[Footnote 62: Dauriac, 'Des Images Suggérées par l'Audition Musicale,' _Revue Philosophique_, November 1902.]
[Footnote 63: De Rochas has described and reproduced the gestures and dances of his hypnotised subject, Lina, under the influence of music. Ribot (_L'Imagination Créatrice_, pp. 177 _et seq._, 291 _et seq._) has discussed the imagery suggested by music and points out that it is most pronounced in non-musical subjects. Fatigue and over-excitement are predisposing conditions in the production of this imagery, as is shown by MacDougall (_Psychological Review_, September 1898) in his own experience.]