GPS Block IIF, or GPS IIF is an interim class of GPS (satellite) which were used to bridge the gap between previous Navstar Global Positioning System generations until the GPS Block III satellites became operational. They were built by Boeing, operated by the United States Air Force, and launched by the United Launch Alliance (ULA) using Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicles (EELV). They are the final component of the Block II GPS constellation to be launched. On 5 February 2016, the final Block IIF satellite was successfully launched, completing the series.
The spacecraft have a mass of and a design life of 12 years. Like earlier GPS satellites, Block IIF spacecraft operate in semi-synchronous medium Earth orbits, with an altitude of approximately , and an orbital period of twelve hours.
The satellites supplement and partially replace the GPS Block IIA satellites that were launched between 1990 and 1997 with a design life of 7.5 years. The final satellite of the Block IIA series was decommissioned on 09 October 2019. The operational constellation now includes Block IIR, IIRM, IIF and III variants.
Because the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicles are more powerful than the Delta II, which was used to orbit earlier Block II GPS satellites, they can place the satellites directly into their operational orbits. As a result, Block IIF satellites do not carry apogee kick motors. The original contract for Block IIF, signed in 1996, called for 33 spacecraft. This was later reduced to 12, and program delays and technical problems pushed the first launch from 2006 to 2010.
New characteristics
Broadcasting L5 "safety of life" navigation signal demonstrated on USA-203
Broadcasting a new M-code signal
Doubling in the predicted accuracy
Better resistance to jamming
Reprogrammable processors that can receive software uploads
The first GPS satellites not to have Selective Availability (SA) hardware installed, which degraded civilian accuracy when turned on in the original satellite fleet
Launch history
Overall, 12 GPS Block IIF satellites were launched, all of which are currently operational:
See also
BeiDou Navigation Satellite System
BeiDou-2 (COMPASS) navigation system
Galileo (satellite navigation) GLONASS Quasi-Zenith Satellite System
