The Vesuvius class was a class of steam screw sloops of the Royal Netherlands Navy. The class comprised Vesuvius, Cornelis Dirks, Reinier Claessen, Het Loo, Reteh and Prinses Maria.
Dutch Naval Plans in the 1850s
Plan 1855
The Dutch naval plan 1855 stated that the steam corvette of 250 hp and 12 30-pounders (the Groningen-class corvettes) would be the standard warship for the Dutch East Indies. However, the plan also recognized that in the East Indies, there were 'too many points to occupy, too many seas to patrol, and too many corners to penetrate' to use only these still costly ships. The plan 1855 therefore specified a second type of ships for the indies: the sloop of 100 hp. Regular service in the East Indies required 12 such sloops. The West Indies three more, and 2 were required for replacement. In total 17 sloops would be required in peace time, and 20 in times of war.
Dutch rating system
In Dutch the Vesuvius class was known as a class of 'schroefstoomschepen'. The Dutch navy referred to them as 'schroefstoomschip' of a certain class, i.e. 1-4th class, but this classification varied. In 1859 the class was designated as 'schroefstoomschepen 4th class'. In 1861 the class (and some other ships) were 'schroefstoomschepen 3rd class'. In Dutch the lead ship Vesuvius (as well as the Bali, Soembing and Montrado) were first called schooners, or even schroefstoomschooner. In the English Navy warships of a comparable size were called sloops.
Design
The Montrado had introduced screw propulsion on small navy ships. She did very well, but authorities in the Indies wanted to have more cargo space in the ships, and more power, so they could use them for transport duties. Therefore, the Bali was made, but she was not able to mount heavy guns, and therefore could only be used in the colonies. The Vesuvius was designed to have more steam power, more cargo space, and to be able to mount a heavy battery. The other 5 ships were built to this model. The displacement of the Vesuvius class was about half that of the Groningen class. The design was made by L.K. Turk in Vlissingen.
Machinery
According to the plan 1855 the class would have 100 hp, but this became 119 hp. In fact it became 250 ihp, giving the ships a speed of 7 knots.
Sails
The Vesuvius first had a barque rigging, later a full ship sail plan. Early in her career she had very much trouble with tacking (sailing), even in the most favorable circumstances.
Armament
The original armament of the Vesuvius was 4 short 30-pounders(SBML) and four long 12-pounders(SBML) In the 1870s the Prinses Marie had 1 16 cm RML and 6 rifled 12 cm guns (BL). The Cornelis Dirks and Het Loo then had 2 16 cm RML and 4 medium 30-pounders. Ships of the size and role of the Vesuvius were never armored, not even in the early twentieth century. Therefore, the appearance of the French ironclad Gloire in August 1860 did not mean that the Vesuvius class became obsolete.
Ships in the class
Of the 6 ships one was built by the Rijkswerf Vlissingen, two were built at the Rijkswerf in Amsterdam, the Cornelis Dirks was built by J. & K. Smit in Krimpen a/d Lek, the Reinier Claeszen by J. & K. Smit in Kinderdijk, and one ship was built at the Rijkswerf Willemsoord.