Agatharchus, discovers principles of perspective, 130
Alexandria, library, collecting of, gives impetus to literary criticism, 91
Alexandrian school, development of mechanics, 162; invention of the _sakia_, 165
Alma-Tadema, Sir Edward, influenced by Greek art, 131, 132
Anaxagoras, principal feature of his system, 229; on original particles, 229; Aristotle on, 229; his famous _Nous_, 230, 231
Anaximander, makes advances in astronomy, 216, 217; geological observations of, 218
Anaximenes, idea of the fundamental element of the world, 216, 217; theory of eclipses, 217
_Antony and Cleopatra_, _see_ Shakespeare
Apollonius of Perga, treatment of conic sections, 161, 167
Apollonius Rhodius, delights in nature, 59 _Argonautics_: great epic, 41; model for Milton, 43; and Goethe’s _Faust_, 44
Archimedes, triumphs of, in mechanics, 162, 167
Architecture, earliest form of house, 99; houses of the dead, 100-102, 110, 111; square house, 102; evolution of classical, 103; building materials, 103; Doric, 104; temples, 105, 110; distinction between house and temple, 106, 107; perfection of religious, 106, 107; arch not used by Greeks, 107, 108; Greek and Roman, compared, 108; purpose in parts of a building, 109; origin of arch, 109; Roman use of arch, 110; ornamentation of, by sculpture, 120
Aristocracies, in classical and mediæval times, 184
Aristophanes, as critic, 92; ridicules Asklepiads, 176
Aristophanes, diction and metre, 37; greatest master of Greek comedy, 60, 61; Frere’s translation, 61, 64; Rogers’s translation, 61; influence and legacy, 61 _Birds and Frogs_: 27
Aristotle, almost canonised, 19; criticism of _Iphigenia in Aulis_, 62, 72; criticism of Medea, 62; distinction between prose and poetry, 62, 63; on Herodotus, 62, 63, 73; on dramatic poetry and history, 72, 74; and Herodotus, on style and subject of history, 74; treatise on Language, 149; treatise on Reasoning, 150; arithmetical proof of theorem in geometry, 156; on geometry, 159; “master of those that knew,” 167; brought up in Socratic method, 167; style of writing, 167, 168; system of collaboration, 168, 171; collaborators, 169; does no original work in mathematics, 169; competence in mathematics, 170; sciences promoted by, 171; views on slavery, 189; views on craftsmen, 189; essential in his ideal of a state, 206; objection to atomic theory, 233; influence on modern thought, 237; his philosophy and the Church, 242 _Constitution of Athens_: 169 _Poetic_: on tragic poetry, 61; on dramatic poetry and history, 72