The Valencian Canton, also known as the Canton of Valencia, was one of the first independent cantons proclaimed during the Cantonal rebellion that took place during the First Spanish Republic (1873-1874). It was officially proclaimed on July 18, 1873, and 178 municipalities of the Valencia province adhered to it. It fell on August 8, when the troops of Martínez Campos, sent by the federal republican government of Nicolás Salmerón, entered the city of Valencia, causing the surrender of the Canton.
History
Proclamation of the canton
On July 14, 1873, two days after the proclamation of the Canton of Cartagena, pasquines with the text "Today the Canton is proclaimed" appeared in Valencia and armed groups toured the city. Then the civil governor Castejón called a meeting of the commanders of the "Volunteers of the Republic" militias together with the mayor and the military commanders, achieving the commitment of the former not to proclaim the Canton of Valencia without the approval of the constituent Cortes. But the tension did not subside, and on July 17 the governor asked the federal republicans of Valencia to send a telegraph to members of their party to calm them down. However, that same day, a massive event was held in front of the civil government to pay tribute to the militiamen who had returned by train from fighting the internationalists of the Petroleum Revolution in Alcoy and the crowd gathered there, after a harangue by the Feliu deputy, shouted "Long live the Valencian Canton".
At night, some battalions of the militia were deployed at strategic points in the city, and by the night of July 18 the Canton had been proclaimed. That same day, news of the fall of the Government in Madrid of the "centrist" federal republican Francisco Pi y Margall had arrived.
The next day, July 19, the members of the "Revolutionary Junta" of the Valencian Canton were elected, which was chaired by Pedro Barrientos, professor at the School of Fine Arts. The civil governor Castejón, who had fled to Alcira by train, where declared in a manifesto that he made public on July 20 that "the Valencian Canton has been proclaimed, separating Valencia from the common homeland" in a "flaunt of lack of respect for the law" and that he continued to be the highest authority in the province awaiting orders from the Executive Branch of the Republic. By July 22, 178 towns had already joined the Valencian Canton, although Castejón managed to get the permanent commission of the provincial deputation to collaborate with the government. That same day, the president of the Junta, Pedro Barrientos, made the official proclamation of the Canton in the square of the Valencia cathedral, which was renamed Plaza de la República Federal. 28 battalions of unarmed militiamen then paraded and the anthem of La Marseillaise was played.
Canton of Castelló
On July 21, federal deputy Francisco González Chermá left Valencia, with a force of 100 volunteers, two companies of police and one of infantry to proclaim the Canton of Castelló. When he arrived in the city of Castelló de la Plana, he dissolved the Provincial Council and proclaimed the Canton, but unlike what happened in the province of Valencia, the towns of the province of Castelló opposed cantonalism, since many of them were Carlists, especially those from the Maestrazgo area. This made possible the immediate action of the conservative forces that, on July 26, entered Castelló and dissolved the "revolutionary Junta" putting an end to the Canton of Castelló.
Encirclement and surrender of the canton
At the same time that General Manuel Pavía was developing military operations to put an end to the cantonal movement in Andalusia, General Arsenio Martínez Campos was in charge of Valencia and Murcia. On July 24, the troops of Martínez Campos made the first attempt to penetrate Valencia from the nearby town of Catarroja, being repelled near the bullring with three dead and five wounded, while the cantonals had one dead and three injured. Due to the absence of walls (they had been demolished eight years before, except for the old gates of the Torres de Serranos and the Torres de Quart) barricades and defensive structures had to be improvised at all entrances to Valencia. The defense was reinforced with cannons, and the Junta prohibited men of "military age" from leaving Valencia to avoid desertions. On Satudray August 2, after the failure of several attempts at negotiation, Martínez Campos began the bombardment of the city from Xirivella, about two kilometers west of Valencia, while the cantonalists responded from the cannon they had placed at the Torres de Cuart.