I find in some Papers of _Euræus_ that the Wolves did never assault the Rain-deer if it was bound to a stake: the reason may be because he fears some trap when he sees the rope that binds the Raindeer: for the Wolf is a very suspicious creature, and thinks every thing he sees to be a snare to catch him. Besides he may suspect that men lie hidden to kill him, whereas the Rain-deers are only bound for the better conveniency of milking them. Nevertheless, the Wolves venture not only on Beasts, but on Men and Women, especially those that are big with child. Travellers are forced to go armed, particularly Women near their time, for the Wolves take their scent and watch more greedily for them, therefore no Woman is permitted to travel without a guide assisting her. The next are the Gluttons, which are frequent here, they have a round head, strong and sharp teeth, like a Wolfs, a plump body, and feet shorter than the Otters: their skin is of a very dark color, some of them resemble Sables, only they have softer and finer haire; this Beast lives not altogether on Land, but many times in the Water, like the Otter, tho much bigger and stronger: some compare it to the Otter, but it is far greedier than he, for thence it gets its name. For _Olaus_ tells us that it is called by the _Swedes_, _Jerff_, by the _Germans_, _Wildfras_: but this German name doth not denote the Beast to eat much, but to devour what it finds in the Woods, for _wild_ signifies any thing in the Woods; wherefore either _Scaliger_ did not understand the word, or else the Printer did not follow his copy: which appears more plainely, from that the _Gulo_ doth not only infest wild Beasts, but tame (as hath bin often known in _Swedland_) and Water creatures too, being it self accustomed to the Waters.
There are abundance of Beavers in _Lapland_, because the Nation abounds with plenty of Fish, whence they have store of food: _Olaus_ thinks that the plenty of them proceeds from the quietness of the Waters, which are never troubled with Ships, as the _Rhine_ and _Danow_ are. I add nothing of these because they are not distinguish’d from the vulgar sort, neither are the Otters. Next to these _Sam. Rheen_ speaks of the Foxes, as being numerous, and of severall sorts over all _Lapland_. He reckons up, besides the common ones, those that are black, brown, ash-colored, white; and those that are marked with a cross. The black are most valued because they are rare: in _Moscovy_ Men of honor and preferment have their Caps made of their skins, which are sold, as _Herberstenius_ observes, for 10, sometimes 15 pieces of gold. Those that are marked with a cross, _Johnston_ calls _Crucigeræ_, and describes them thus: they have from their mouth, over their head and back to their tail a black streak, another crossing their back, and down to their forefeet, which two lines do resemble a cross. These are preferred before the common red Foxes, being bigger, and having thicker hair. The ashen-colored Foxes are those which _Johnston_ calls _Isatidæ_, their color is mixt of ash and blew, such as is the color of the woad, tho this color is not spread all over his body, nor is any single hair wholly of this color, for the longest hairs are black at the end, the shortest white, from both which this color results. _Olaus_ calls these _Celestine_, or sky-colored Foxes, where too he tells us that they are of less worth than the rest, and the white ones too, because their color is so, without the tincture of any other, such as Conies use to have. The reason is because their number is great, and their hair not durable: but that there is such abundance of these skins happens because the Foxes are more easily taken, not living in the Woods, but on the naked Mountains between _Norway_ and _Swedland_.
