─────────────────────────────────────┬────────────────┬──────────────── Fuel │ │Pounds of Water │ │Evaporated from │ │ and at 212° F. │ │ All heat │B.T.U. per Pound│ utilized ─────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────┼──────────────── Anthracite │ 13,500│ 14.0 Semi-bituminous, Pennsylvania │ 15,000│ 15.5 Semi-bituminous, best, West Virginia │ 15,000│ 15.8 Bituminous, best, Pennsylvania │ 14,450│ 15.0 Bituminous, poor, Illinois │ 10,500│ 10.9 Lignite, best, Utah │ 11,000│ 11.4 Lignite, poor, Oregon │ 8,500│ 8.8 Wood, best oak │ 9,300│ 9.6 Wood, poor ash │ 8,500│ 8.8 ─────────────────────────────────────┴────────────────┴────────────────
=83. Air Ejectors.=—The Ansonia compressed-air sewage ejector is shown in Fig. 68. In its operation, sewage enters the reservoir through the inlet pipe at the right, the air displaced being expelled slowly through the air valve marked B. The rising sewage lifts the float which actuates the balanced piston valve in the pipe above the reservoir when the reservoir fills. The lifting of the valve admits compressed air to the reservoir. The air pressure closes valve A and the inlet valve at the right, and ejects the sewage through the discharge pipe at the left. As the float drops with the descending sewage it shuts off the air supply and opens the air exhaust through the small pipe at the top center. Sewage is prevented from flowing back into the reservoir by the check valve in the discharge pipe. Other ejectors operating on a similar principle are the Ellis, the Pacific, the Priestmann and the Shone.
=84. Electric Motors.=—The most common form of alternating current electric motor used for driving sewage pumps where continuous operation and steady loads are met is the squirrel-cage polyphase induction motor. These motors operate at a nearly constant speed which should be selected to develop the maximum efficiency of the pump and motor set. While Fig. 59 shows the best efficiency under varying heads to be obtained with variable speed, the advantages of cost, attention, and availability make the use of a constant speed motor common.[47] This type of motor is undesirable where stopping and starting are frequent because it has a relatively small starting torque and it requires a large starting current. Such motors can be constructed in small sizes for high starting torques by increasing the resistance of the rotor, but at the expense of the efficiency of operation.