_Monument._--A tomb discovered by De Morgan (1897) is believed to be that of King Menes, or of his wife Nit-hotep.
4366 =Teta.=--Second king, said to have written a work on anatomy.
_Monument._--A papyrus bought in Thebes by Ebers refers to a pomatum made for Teta’s mother, Shesh.
4266 =Hesepti= (=Semti=).--Fifth king. Several passages in the Book of the Dead refer to him. King Senta of the IInd Dynasty owned a medical work which once belonged to Semti.
_Monument._--His tomb has been discovered by Amélineau at Abydos. It contained among other things an ebony tablet representing the king dancing before Osiris. (Now in the British Museum.)
_Monument._--Tomb at Abydos, discovered by Amélineau.
4200 =Semen-Ptah= (=Semsu=).--Seventh king. Manetho says: “In his reign a terrible pestilence afflicted Egypt.”
4133 =Neter-b’au.=--First king. Manetho says: “During his reign a chasm opened near Bubastis and many persons perished.”
_Monument._--Tomb discovered by Amélineau in 1897 at Abydos.
4100 =Ka-ka-u.=--Second (?) king; establishes or expands the worship of Apis; also of Mnevis and the Mendesian goat.
4066 =Ba-en-neter.=--Third (?) king; establishes the right of female succession.
3900 =Neb-ka.=--First or third king. According to Manetho a revolt of the Libyans in which they submitted “on account of an unexpected increase in the moon,” took place in this reign.
3866 =Zeser= (=T´er-sa=).--Second or fourth king. Builder of the Step Pyramid of Saqqarah. Dr. Budge says of this: “It is certainly the oldest of all the large buildings which have successfully resisted the action of wind and weather, and destruction by the hand of man.”
_Monuments._--The Step Pyramid; the Great Sphinx of Gizeh.
Rapid development of civilisation during the first three dynasties.
3766 =Sneferu.=--First king. He wars against the robber-like tribes of the desert. He is said, on a monument of the XIIth Dynasty, to have founded Egyptian dominion in the peninsula of Sinai, which he conquered for its mineral wealth.
_Monuments._--A number of carved stones, a bas-relief at Wady Magharah showing him smiting an enemy.
3733 =Khufu= or =Cheops=.--Builder of the Great Pyramid, Khut--“The Horizon.”
3666 =Khaf-Ra.=--Builder of the pyramid Ur,--“The Great.”