The Colombo Monorail was a proposed monorail system to be built in Colombo, Sri Lanka. The project was estimated to cost US$ 1.3 billion. Construction was proposed to begin in 2Q 2015. However a Japanese JICA transportation master plan for Colombo did not recommend a Monorail as a priority and recommended a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) , Railway electrification and an overhead light rail system instead. A separate study by the Ministry of Megapolis and Western Development also concluded that a light rail system to be much more feasible than a monorail, and recommended light rail, an electrified railway system and an inland water transport (a brand new boat/ferry service that utilises Colombo’s historic canal network) under the Western Region Megapolis project.
Lines
The monorail was to consist of two lines, one from Malabe into the city through Thalahena, Robert Gunawardena Mawatha, Rajagiriya and Horton Place, and another from Moratuwa passing Dehiwala and Wellawatte and passing along the Galle Road. Both lines were to converge at a multi-modal hub in Colombo Fort.
LN1: Malabe to Colombo Fort
LN2: Colombo Fort to Moratuwa
Management & Rolling stock
Rolling stock for the monorail was to be procured from either Hitachi Monorails limited or China based CSR ZELC.
Substitute initiative
In April 2015, the Government of Sri Lanka issued a Gazette bill to construct an electric train system to connect Colombo with Sri Lanka's capital city Sri Jayawardenapura in Kotte.
This was chosen to replace the monorail due to the lesser cost of implementation and maintenance. The BRT system is in its feasibility test stage.
Replacement by LRT
The Colombo Monorail was replaced by a Light Rail Transport (LRT) system for multiple reasons:
1. Technology Prevalence
Light rail systems are in widespread use across the globe and is a much more accepted technology, while Monorail is a relatively new technology and are primarily used for internal circulation such as theme parks, between airport terminal and shopping malls. This is evident with 30 of the total 54 of the current systems (56%) falling into this category. Termination of Monorail in Sydney, Jakarta shifting the Monorail project to a LRT project in the middle of construction and the Malacca Monorail been on idle due to technical problems were cited as reasons questioning the suitability of the system. The LRT clearly stands out as an evolved technology and enough research to support the technology.
2. System Cost
The system cost of both LRT and monorail composed of vehicles, guideway, stations and control systems. Most of the literature states that the cost component of both LRT and monorail remains the same when considering an alignment on elevated section with 50 million USD/km. However, with LRT being able to operate on ground the cost can be considerably reduced to around 30 million USD/km. The RTS traces for the Megapolis has major portion as elevated since it is proposed within the CBD and heavily urbanized areas. However, the portion that can go on ground accounts for 13 km out of proposed 75 km which is 17% of the total length. Due to the possible ground operations, the total system cost can be reduced significantly.Mainly due to the instalment of Depots/Yards and some stations on ground. An elevated depot have a huge costs associated which needs elevated structures to park the vehicles. The monorail feasibility done by the JAICA for a 23.1 km of track length has proposed a 5.3 km of track within the depots showing the extra cost. The typical ground depot is 50% less than an elevated depot, while it is similar for stations as well.
Hitachi claims that costs for Monorail costs could be reduced by 30% due to a much sleeker elevated structure however the numbers were seen as misleading as the numbers could not be verified and the JAICA feasibility study only showed 8% cost reduction due to the sleeker structure. The cost advantage is also offset by other limitations such as monorail switches appear to entail more complicated machinery, and have a significantly higher cost about 15 times the cost of an ordinary railway switch.