=FrANklin Pierce.= } In. =James BuchANAN.= }
The "an" in Franklin is identical in spelling and in sound with the two "ans" in Buchanan.
Let the student recall the series of names from Andrew Jackson to James Buchanan several times, and at each recall let him also recall the _relation_ which bound the pairs together, and then let him recall the series from Washington to Buchanan, both forward and backward, without consciously reviving the relations.
1. This may be called the "Single Term Group," since none of the group served more than one term.
2. The group is notable for the fact that it is the only one in which two Presidents (William Henry Harrison and Zachary Taylor) died _natural_ deaths while in office.
_Period of Civil War and Reconstruction._
=JAMes Buchanan.= } In. =AbrahAM Lincoln.= }
This pair of names furnishes an In. by _spelling_, not sound, "am" in both, but not pronounced alike. This must be _noticed_, as it is a weak In.
=Abraham LinCOLN.= } In. =Andrew JOHNson.= }
The "l" in "coln," and the "h" in "John" are silent. It is a case of In. by sound. To the ear the sound of "Con." is like that of "Jon."
=ANdrew Johnson.= } In. =Ulysses S. GrANt.= }
"An" in Andrew and in Grant has the same sound.
=UlyssES S. Grant.= } In. =Rutherford B. HayES.= }
"Es" in Ulyss_es_ and in Hay_es_ is the same in _spelling_--but not in sound. It must be _noticed_, as it is the weakest of all. A stronger tie has heretofore been given.
=Rutherford B. HAYes.= } Con. =James A. GarFIELD.= }
There is a strong association between Hay of _Hay_es and and the field of Gar_field_, as in the familiar word "Hayfield."
=James A. GARfield.= } In. =Chester A. ARthur.= }
In "Gar" and "Ar" there is a strong In. by sound.
=Chester A. ArTHUR.= } In. =GroVER Cleveland.= }
Between "thur" and "ver" there is a clear In. by sound.
=Grover ClevelANd.= } Con. =BenjAMin Harrison.= }
There is a fair In. by sound between "an" and "am;" but as they are alphabetically reversed, it makes a case of Con. reversed.
=BenjAMin Harrison.= } In. & =Grover ClevelANd.= } Ex.
Here "am" and "an" occur in alphabetical order, and is a case of In., and "jam," meaning pressing together, and "cle(a)ve" meaning to separate, are opposites, hence it is also an example of Exclusion.