(54.) It appears to have been about the year 1763, that Watt made these improvements in the steam engine, and constructed a model which fully realized his expectations. Either from want of influence or the fear of prejudice and opposition, he did not make known his discovery or attempt to secure it by a patent at that time. Having adopted the profession of a land surveyor, his business brought him into communication with Dr. Roebuck, at that time extensively engaged in mining speculations, who possessed some command of capital, and was of a very enterprising disposition. By Roebuck's assistance and countenance, Watt erected an engine of the new construction at a coal mine on the estate of the Duke of Hamilton, at Kinneil near Burrowstoness. This engine being a kind of experimental one, was improved from time to time as circumstances suggested, until it reached considerable perfection. While it was being erected, Watt in conjunction with Roebuck applied for and obtained a patent to secure the property in the invention. This patent was enrolled in 1769, six years after Watt invented the improved engine.
Watt was now preparing to manufacture the new engines on an extensive scale, when his partner Roebuck suffered a considerable loss by the failure of a mining speculation in which he had engaged, and became involved in embarrassments, so as to be unable to make the pecuniary advances necessary to carry Watt's designs into execution. Again disappointed, and harassed by the difficulties which he had to encounter, Watt was about to relinquish the further prosecution of his plans, when Mr. Matthew Bolton, a gentleman who had established a factory at Birmingham a short time before, made proposals to purchase Dr. Roebuck's share in the patent, in which he succeeded; and in 1773, Watt entered into partnership with Bolton.
His situation was now completely changed. Bolton was not only a man of extensive capital, but also of considerable personal influence, and had a disposition which led him, from taste, to undertakings which were great and difficult, and which he prosecuted with the most unremitting ardency and spirit. "Mr. Watt," says Playfair, "was studious and reserved, keeping aloof from the world; while Mr. Bolton was a man of address, delighting in society, active, and mixing with people of all ranks with great freedom, and without ceremony. Had Mr. Watt searched all Europe, he probably would not have found another person so fitted to bring his invention before the public, in a manner worthy of its merit and importance; and although of most opposite habits, it fortunately so happened that no two men ever more cordially agreed in their intercourse with each other."